Risk Factors and Stroke Prevention (Part 2)
Risk factors that may cause blood more likely to clot, which can lead to stroke include:
* Birth control pills may increase the likelihood of blood clots, especially in women who smoke and are over 35 years
* Disorders of blood clotting
* Cancer
* Rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, vasculitis and ulcerative colitis
* Pregnancy: Women have a higher risk of stroke during pregnancy and the weeks immediately after it
Risk factors for strokes caused by blood clots (emboli) that develop in the heart include:
* Infected or artificial heart valves
* Inflammation of the lining of the heart chambers and valves (endocarditis)
* An attack that is not beating strongly or regularly, which can cause blood to remain in the area of the heart, leading to the formation of a clot. The clot can break off and travel to the brain
* Irregular heart rhythms such as atrial fibrillation
* Congenital cardiac abnormalities, patent foramen ovale, which is a flap-like opening between chambers of the heart (can not cause any symptoms until the occurrence of a stroke)
The risk for a stroke caused by bleeding in the brain (hemorrhagic stroke) include:
* Hypertension (although rarely hypotension can cause a stroke)
* Weak areas in an artery wall (aneurysm)
* Abnormal connections between arteries and veins (arteriovenous malformation or AVM)
* Cancer, particularly cancer that spreads to the brain from the breast, skin, thyroid)
* Conditions or medications (such as aspirin or warfarin) may increase the chance of bleeding
* Use of illegal drugs like cocaine
* Cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Risk factors for stroke secondary to carotid dissection include:
* Marfan syndrome or fibromuscular dysplasia
* Injury or trauma to the neck during a medical procedure such as angiography
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