Critical Medicine and Treatment

Archive for the ‘Hepatitis’ Category

Prevention of acute viral hepatitis incidence is important, in  Indonesia which is still found throughout the years and is endemic diseases.

Based on how his passion of transmission of most hepatitis acute virus that is taken orally (by mouth), it is necessary once improved environmental health, and sanitation improvements. Use of clean water should be increased, considering the many people who use dirty water to daily.

Garbage problem until now still difficult to overcome. Waste disposal that have been executed can still be pollute the environment and the spread of disease. By because it was necessary to think about waste disposal business better, and have sought treatment and utilization of garbage with no pollution.

It is important and should not be underestimated is improving nutrition in the community, to improve endurance. Need to get used to eat / drink still fresh and good quality. Eat drink served on the table to keep it closed, to prevent the crowd
germ carrying flies. Read the rest of this entry »

The first attempt of classification of vasculitis returns to Zeek who in 1952 proposed to identify multiple entities according to their clinical and pathological (102): hypersensitivity vasculitis, allergic granulomatous vasculitis Churg-Strauss (SCS), the classic PAN and Horton’s disease. Since this classification has been refined by others but the main framework set forth therein remain valid. Fauci described then a “group of polyarteritis nodosa” including the PAN, the SCS and forms overlap (103). This classification had the advantage of being pragmatic and useful for the clinician but further work has to distinguish the microscopic polyangéite (MPA) as a distinct systemic vasculitis of PAN (299,95,104). This recognition has not been taken into account in the classification established in 1990 by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) (105) (Table 1). Indeed, the PAN and MPA have long been not distinguished because of their resemblance clinical (general manifestations, neurological, gastro-intestinal .).

Nevertheless, these two diseases are distinct. According to the nomenclature proposed at Chapel Hill, PAN preferentially affects the vessels of medium caliber and MPA the small vessels, ie arterioles, capillaries and venules (104). Glomerulonephritis and pulmonary capillaritis observed in the MPA, while the PAN, renal disease is vascular and lung is spared. It is so easy to differentiate the NAP of the MPA in patients with vasculitis with severe renal impairment and / or lung. For cons, the majority of patients, particularly those with vasculitis respects the kidney and lung, the distinction is sometimes impossible even applying the Chapel Hill nomenclature or classification criteria of the ACR PAN (106). Furthermore, impairment of small vessels is possible during the NAP (107) and conversely a violation of vessels of medium size is possible during the MPA (105).

The genome of hepatitis B is made of circular DNA, but it is unusual because the DNA is not completely double stranded. One end is linked to the DNA polymerase of the virus. The genome is composed of nucleotides 3020 to 3320 (for the longest strand) and nucleotides 1700 to 2800 (for the shortest strand) [9]. The party wrapped in a bad way (not coding), is complementary to the viral mRNA. The viral DNA is found in the nucleus shortly after infection of the cell. Part of double-stranded DNA is made fully double stranded by matching strand (+) and the elimination of a protein molecule strand (-) and a short sequence of RNA from the strand (+ ). noncoding bases withdraw from the end of the strand (-) and the strands are paired. There are four known coding genes in the genome, they are called C, X, P and S. The core protein is encoded by the C gene (HBcAg), and its start codon is preceded by another codon upstream of formula AUG that initiates the production of the precore protein. HBeAg is produced by proteolytic processing of pre-protein core. DNA polymerase is encoded by genes of P. The S gene is the gene that encodes the surface antigen (HBsAg). The HBsAg gene is a long sequence of nucleotides coding, but which contains three sets of codons “home” (ATG) that divide the gene into three sections, pre-S1, pre-S2, and S. Due to the multiple start codons, is formed of three polypeptides of different sizes, large, medium and small (pre-S1 + pre-S2 + S, pre-S2 + S, or S) [10]. The function of the protein encoded by the gene X is not fully elucidated

Hepatitis B is a viral hepatitis due to infection by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and causes inflammation of the liver.

The symptoms are mainly acute inflammation of the liver, with or without jaundice and digestive disorders with nausea and vomiting at this stage of evolution is usually benign although hepatitis B is the most severe form of viral hepatitis but there, although rarely, fulminant forms to fatal. The infection often goes unnoticed during the acute infection and the patient carrying the virus. In almost one out of ten cases, acute hepatitis B do not heal and becomes chronic infection. The chronic carrier has no obvious symptoms but is likely to contaminate his surroundings. In cases of chronic active hepatitis, the symptoms can be a mild fever, fatigue, digestive disorders (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain), jaundice, dark urine or pale stools.

Cirrhosis of the liver and liver cancer may be the result of Hepatitis B. The potential seriousness of hepatitis B is formed by the risk of progression to chronic hepatitis B which may be complicated by liver cirrhosis and liver cancer, a deadly disease with a response rate of very low Current chemotherapy