Critical Medicine and Treatment

Archive for the ‘Fracture’ Category

To understand why we must explain the legs breaking the function of bones and which they are made.

What is bot?
The bones of the human skeleton supports and protects the softer parts of the body. The bone is a living tissue. The skeleton is growing rapidly in the early years and restore itself after fractures. Bones contain marrow in the center, which is clearly softer in texture than the exterior of bone. strong>Bone marrow consists of cells which include the red and white blood cells.

The red blood cells are responsible for the oxygen to the tissues and the white blood cells protect the body against germs. Bot also includes minerals, especially calcium and Fosfor.then miner momentum forms a crystalline, Because of its unique bone structure, a high tax treaties.

What bone break?
Bones are rigid, but what can bend, “give” when an external force is performed on the bone. If the load stops taking the bone back to its original shape.

If you, for example, for assaults on an outstretched arm there is an impact on the bones and connective tissue of the wrist when you hit the ground. The bones of wrist and forearm absorb the energy of the fall by what to give (to fold) and immediately take back to their original shape. Is the force too significant than breaking the bones as a bar which plastick get bent too far. Read the rest of this entry »

Classification

The fracture classification methods are various, and depend on the type of break bones or body area affected, as well as other associated factors. They can be classified according to etiology in “pathological”, “traumatic”, “running fatigue or stress” and “obstetric”.

Exhibition

Depending on whether the fracture communicates with the outside world or not, are classified as:

1. Closed, if the tip of the fracture is not associated with skin breakdown, or if there is injury, it does not communicate with the outside.
2. Open or exposed, if there is a wound that the fracture communicates with the outside through it allowing the passage of pathogens from the skin or the outside.

Most fractures result from falls or falls, but stress fractures may occur, especially when great efforts are made or, in the lower extremities when carrying out long marches. In this case, may break the bones of the foot.

In chest trauma fractures may occur one or more ribs. The ribs are broken as it usually does a green branch, or who fail to separate the fractured edges. If it has and the number is small and broken ribs on one side (1-5), the victim’s chest pain present at the fracture site, but you can not breathe while make a substantial effort. This pain is typically more pronounced the day after the accident. However, if the number of broken ribs is greater and, above all, if you have fractured on both sides of the chest can produce what is called “paradoxical breathing, in which the breast, the affected, rather to expand on inspiration, sinks, moving backward into expiration. It is then to a serious situation requiring immediate medical treatment, as if the edges of the broken ribs are separated from each other: then the danger exists that these edges, breathing movements, tearing the pleura and lung , resulting in a pneumothorax, a situation of extreme gravity of which the patient has great difficulty breathing.

In case of fractured skull, the accident can be conscious or unconscious. Either way, should be transferred immediately to a health center (see “Loss of sense”). It also requires hospital treatment that a person who has beaten his head and blood from the nose or ears, since you probably have seen a basilar skull fracture.

Provided that a severe trauma, such as a fall down a ravine, it is possible that there has been a fracture-dislocation in the spine. If the casualty is conscious, ask him to move all four extremities. If you are unable to do so, we suspect that this injury has occurred, in which case we move it all the time trying not to move your head relative to the trunk and the trunk is kept straight, like a table. Thus avoiding the dislocated vertebra cause further injury to the spinal cord. To carry out this operation takes several people (minimum 5), which should act all at once and always follow clear and precise instructions from any person who directs the maneuver. The same precautions we take in the event that the person does not have regained consciousness.

Fractures of the bones can vary from a simple crack, barely noticeable, to a complete fracture with open wound. Typically, the victim will suffer severe pain in the fracture zone, and if it has occurred in a limb, unable to use it: if you have broken your leg can not walk at all and if you have broken arm can not do anything with it, however I wanted. It usually occurs a strong swelling at the site of the fracture and is often seen limb deformity. If there is no deformity but we suspect that the bone is broken, we can do a test consisting of push, against each other, both sides think the bone that has fractured. For example, if you suspect a fractured forearm, will take the injured arm by his wrist and pushed her to the elbow if it is broken, this pressure will produce pain, and if not there will be bearable.

Makeshift splint

The first thing to do when a bone is fractured is immobilized. Thus largely alleviated the pain and avoid the edges, sometimes sharp, broken bone, producing tears in blood vessels, nerves or other soft tissues like skin. If it’s a limb, improvise a splint with sticks, poles or any long object we find. A scarf or belt to hold them to serve both sides of the injured limb. A broken leg, if we find nothing but how to fix it, we can sell with the other leg, which will then fractured splint. The same can be done in case of broken bones of the hand or foot: to sell the affected finger with its adjacent.

If the accused has a broken bone deformity, carefully straighten agree. This naturally produces sharp pain, but it must be done to prevent any nerve damage or circulatory. When the edge of a bone hurts a major vein or artery can occur quickly serious bleeding, which can be appreciated in case of open fracture (with injury) or remain unnoticed if closed fracture

Call your emergency medical assistance if

You should call 911 if :

• There is a suspected broken bone in the head, neck or back.
• There is a suspected broken hip, pelvis or upper leg.
• There are a lot of bleeding
• The area below the injured joint is pale, cold, clammy or bluish.
• You can not completely immobilize the injury at the scene without assistance from another person.
• There is a bone through the skin.

Although it is possible that other fractures are not emergencies, they still deserve medical attention, therefore, call your doctor to find out where and when. If  a young child refuses to put weight on an arm or leg after an accident, not moving the arm or leg, or the deformity can be seen clearly, assume that the child has a broken bone should be achieved medical help.

First Aid

1. It should examine the airways and breathing of the victim. If necessary, call 911 and begin rescue breathing, CPR or bleeding control.
2. You must keep the person still and calm.
3. You must carefully observe the victim for other injuries.
4. In most cases, if medical help responds quickly, allow medical personnel to take necessary measures.
5. If the skin is broken, it must be treated immediately to prevent infection. Do not breathe on the wound or probe it, if possible, lightly rinse to remove visible dirt and other pollutants, careful not to rub too hard or flush. Cover with sterile dressings.
6. If necessary, Splint the injury or sling. Among the possible elements splints include a rolled up newspaper or strips of wood. Immobilize the area both above and below the injured bone.
7. You can apply ice packs to reduce pain and swelling.
8. Try to prevent shock. Position the person flat, elevate the feet about 12 inches (30 centimeters) and covered with a coat or blanket, but DO NOT move if you suspect a head injury, back or legs.

CHECK BLOOD CIRCULATION.

It must verify the person’s blood circulation and press hard on the skin that lies beyond the fracture site. For example, if the fracture is in the leg, press on the foot, the skin should first blanch white and then “pink up” in about two seconds. Other signs that circulation is inadequate include pale or blue skin, numbness and tingling and loss of pulse. If circulation is poor and there are no trained personnel quickly, try to realign the limb into a normal resting position. This will reduce swelling, pain and tissue damage due to lack of blood.

TREAT BLEEDING

1. It is recommended to cover the wound with a clean cloth and dry.
2. If bleeding continues, apply direct pressure to the site. DO NOT apply a tourniquet to the extremity to stop the bleeding unless it is a threatening situation.